Milady's Standard Professional Barbering Chapter Review Question Study Guide

Chapter 17 Review Questions List the four basic cuts and the elevations or projections used to achieve them.  Blunt - 0 elevation Graduated - 45 degrees of elevation Uniform layered - 90 degrees of elevation Long layered - 180 degree cut Explain over-direction. Over direction occurs when the hair is combed away from its natural fall position. The technique of shifting the hair into a different position facilitates length increase in a design and the ability to blend short and long lengths along a perimeter design line or interior section. List the methods used in wet hairstyling. Finger waving Pin curls Hair wrapping Roller sets Define on-base, half off-base, and off-base curl placement. Explain the effects of each. On-base roller placement sits directly on the base and produces a full-volume curl. On-base placement is achieved by slightly over-directing the hair beyond 90 degrees in front of the base. Half off-base roller placemen

Chapter 11 Review Questions Why is the study of hair important to the barber? Barbers need a technical understanding of hair structure so they will be able to provide knowledge and professional service to clients. Identify the technical term for the study of hair. Trichology Describe the differences between the hair root and hair shaft.  The hair root is the portion of the hair enclosed within the follicle beneath the skin surface. The hair shaft is the portion of the hair we see extending above the skin surface List the structures of the hair root. Follicle Bulb Dermal papilla Sebaceous glands Arrector pili muscle Identify the layers of the hair shaft.  Cuticle Cortex Medulla What are amino acids? The building blocks or units of structure in protein What are peptide bonds? End bonds; chemical bonds that join amino acids end to end List the side bonds in the hair. Hydrogen Salt Disulfide bonds Identify

Briefly describe healthy skin.  Healthy skin is slightly moist, soft, and flexible with a smooth, fine-grained texture. Name two main divisions of the skin and describe the layers within each division. Epidermis - outermost protective layer of the skin. It is the thinnest layer of the skin and is also known as the cuticle or scarf skin. The epidermis contains no blood vessels, but has many small nerve endings. Layers as follows (Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum) Dermis - the underlying, or inner layer of the skin. About 25 times thicker than the epidermis and consist of highly sensitive vascular layer of connective tissue. Within this structure are numerous blood vessels, nerves, lymph and oil glands, hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, and papillae. Layers as follow (Papillary, reticular) Identify the appendages of the skin.  Hair Nails Sweat glands Oil glands How is the skin nourish

Describe two types of electrical current?  Direct current - a constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and produces a chemical reaction. Alternating current - a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, that produces a mechanical action. Explain the differences between a fuse, circuit breaker, and a GFCI. Fuse - device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit Circuit breaker - switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first sign of overload GFCI - a device that senses imbalances in an electric current List and define four electrical modalities used in scalp and facial treatments. Galvanic - constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes in tissues and body fluids Sinusoidal - alternating current used in scalp and facial manipulations that produces mechanical cont