Chapter 18 Review Questions | Milady's Standard Professional Barbering

Chapter 18 Review Questions

1. Explain the physical and chemical changes that occur in the hair as a result of chemical texture services. Chemical texture services such as permanent waving, reformation curls, and relaxers create chemical changes that permanently alter the natural wave pattern of the existing hair growth. These chemical services are used to curl straight hair, resize the curl in curly hair types, or straighten overly curly hair, respectively.
2. What characteristics or condition of the hair and scalp should be analyzed before performing chemical texture services? The scalp should be examined for cuts, abrasions, or open sores. The hair analysis includes the hair’s porosity, texture, elasticity, density, length, and direction of hair growth. 
3. List the similarities and differences between permanent wave, reformation curl, and hair-relaxing processes. Chemical texture services involve two principal actions on the hair; physical and chemical. Permanent waving and Reformation curl both require the hair to be wrapped around rods. Reformation curl and Hair relaxing both require smoothing and combing the product through the hair. All three services softens and breaks the hair structure, and requires neutralizers to harden and rebond the internal structure of the hair. 
4. List the chemical products used in permanent waving.

• Ammonium thioglycolate
• Glyceryl monothioglycolate
• Monoethanolamine
• Aminomethylpropanol
• Mercaptamine
• Cysteamine
• Ammonium sulfite
• Ammonium bisulfite

5. List at least five permanent waving safety precautions.

• Always protect the clients clothing with the proper waterproof drape.
• Use two towels, one under the drape and one over the drape.
• Always follow the manufacturer’s direction.
• Wear gloves when applying solutions.
• Immediately replace cotton coils or towels that have become saturated with solution.

6. List the chemical products used in the reformation curl service. Ammonium thioglycolate (rearranger), Waving solution (booster), and neutralizer.
7. List the chemical products used with thio relaxers. Ammonium thioglycolate
8. List the products used with hydroxide relaxers. 

• Sodium hydroxide
• Lithium hydroxide
• Potassium hydroxide
• Guanidine hydroxide
• Calcium hydroxide

9. Explain the difference between base and no-base relaxers. Base relaxers require the application of a base cream to the entire scalp prior to relaxer application. No-base relaxers contain a base cream that is designed to melt at body temperature and do not require the application of a separate protective base.
10. What chemical texture service requires a pre-service shampoo? Which services do not? Permanent waving requires a pre-service shampoo. Reformation curl and hair relaxing doesn’t require a pre-service shampoo.
11. Explain the difference between a texturizer and a chemical blow-out. Texturizer - a process used to semi-straighten extremely curly hair into a more manageable texture and wave pattern. Chemical blow-out - combination of a relaxer and hairstyling used to create a variety of Afro styles.
12. List at least five chemical hair relaxing safety precautions.

• Apply relaxer cream to the most resistant area first.
• Wear gloves when applying relaxers.
• Always follow the manufacturer’s directions.
• Do not relax excessively damaged hair.
• Use two towels, one under the drape amd one over the drape