Chapter 8 Review Questions | Milady's Standard Professional Barbering

  1. Define organic and inorganic chemistry.
  • Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain the element carbon; all living things are made of compounds that contain carbon
  • Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen,
  1. List the three states of matter.
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  1. Define elements, compounds, and mixtures.
  • Element - the simplest form of matter
  • Compounds - two or more atoms of different elements united chemically with fixed chemical composition, definite proportions, and distinct properties
  • Mixtures - two or more substances united physically in any proportions without a fixed composition
  1. Describe the differences between solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.
  • Solution - a mixture of two or more substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance
  • Suspension - uniform mixtures of two or more substances
  • Emulsions - suspensions of two immiscible liquids held together by an emulsifying agent
  1. Define pH and draw a pH scale.
  • pH - relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
  • 0 (Acid) - 7 (Neutral) - 14 (Alkaline) *see figure 8-9 for detailed pH scale
  1. What effect does a strong-to-mild acidic solution have on hair? Acidic solutions tend to contract and harden the hair.
  2. What effect does a mild alkaline solution have on hair? Alkalis soften the hair.
  3. Explain oxidation and reduction reactions. Give an example of each. 
  • Oxidation - chemical reaction that combines an element or compound with oxygen to produce an oxide. Exothermic permanent waving lotions produce heat because of an oxidation reaction
  • Reduction - the subtraction of oxygen from, or the addition of hydrogen to, a substance. Permanent waving is an example of redox reaction
  1. Why is the acidity or alkalinity of hair products important to the barber? The acidity or alkalinity of a shampoo is important because it influences how the product will affect various layers of the hair and skin.
  2. Identify the parts and functions of the shampoo molecule. 
  • Head - attracts water, but repels dirt
  • Tail - attracts dirt, grease, debris and oil, but repels water
  1. List three general shampoo categories. 
  • Liquid
  • Liquid-dry
  • Dry or powder
  1. What type of shampoo is generally recommended for normal, chemically treated, or fragile hair? Acid-balanced shampoo
  2. What type of conditioner is generally applied to the hair 1 to 5 minutes? Instant conditioners
  3. Identify the hair condition that may require a synthetic polymer. Badly damaged hair
  4. List four types of hair tonics.

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